Facebook X-twitter Youtube Linkedin
  • 909-548-4900
Ampac USA logo
  • Home
  • Products
  • Industries
  • Solutions
  • Contact Us
  • Home
  • Products
  • Industries
  • Solutions
  • Contact Us
Home Water Filter

Risk factors for sporadic Giardia infection in the USA: a case-control study in Colorado and Minnesota

Sammy Farag by Sammy Farag
August 14, 2018
Share on FacebookShare on Twitter

Last updated on March 31st, 2025 at 12:19 pm

Reses, H. E.; Gargano, J. W.; Liang, J. L.; Cronquist, A.; Smith, K.; Collier, S. A.; Roy, S. L.; Vanden Eng, J.; Bogard, A.; Lee, B.; Hlavsa, M. C.; Rosenberg, E. S.; Fullerton, K. E.; Beach, M. J.; Yoder, J. S.

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION, 146 (9):1071-1078; 10.1017/S0950268818001073 JUL 2018

Abstract: Giardia duodenalis is the most common intestinal parasite of humans in the USA, but the risk factors for sporadic (non-outbreak) giardiasis are not well described. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Colorado and Minnesota public health departments conducted a case-control study to assess risk factors for sporadic giardiasis in the USA. Cases (N = 199) were patients with non-outbreak-associated laboratory-confirmed Giardia infection in Colorado and Minnesota, and controls (N = 381) were matched by age and site. Identified risk factors included international travel (aOR = 13.9; 95% CI 4.9-39.8), drinking water from a river, lake, stream, or spring (aOR = 6.5; 95% CI 2.0-20.6), swimming in a natural body of water (aOR = 3.3; 95% CI 1.5-7.0), male-male sexual behaviour (aOR = 45.7; 95% CI 5.8-362.0), having contact with children in diapers (aOR = 1.6; 95% CI 1.01-2.6), taking antibiotics (aOR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.2-5.0) and having a chronic gastrointestinal condition (aOR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.1-3.0). Eating raw produce was inversely associated with infection (aOR = 0.2; 95% CI 0.1-0.7). Our results highlight the diversity of risk factors for sporadic giardiasis and the importance of non-international-travel-associated risk factors, particularly those involving person-to-person transmission. Prevention measures should focus on reducing risks associated with diaper handling, sexual contact, swimming in untreated water, and drinking untreated water.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/epidemiology-and-infection/article/risk-factors-for-sporadic-giardia-infection-in-the-usa-a-casecontrol-study-in-colorado-and-minnesota/63B6FA03D86700897DFEA5473695A217

The post Risk factors for sporadic Giardia infection in the USA: a case-control study in Colorado and Minnesota appeared first on Facts About Water.

Source: Water Feed

Tags: RO
Sammy Farag

Sammy Farag

Next Post
How to Choose the Best Commercial Reverse Osmosis System: A Comprehensive Guide

How to Choose the Best Commercial Reverse Osmosis System: A Comprehensive Guide

Comments 1

  1. binance Sign Up says:
    4 days ago

    Can you be more specific about the content of your article? After reading it, I still have some doubts. Hope you can help me. https://www.binance.com/ar/register?ref=V2H9AFPY

    Reply

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Recommended.

Industrial Waste Water Management FAQs

Industrial Waste Water Management FAQs

August 27, 2019
Necessity of Water coolers in Public Places

Necessity of Water coolers in Public Places

October 26, 2016

Subscribe.

Trending.

Which US States Have the Best Water Quality? Get the Answer Here

Which US States Have the Best Water Quality? Get the Answer Here

August 25, 2021
Reverse Osmosis Pool cleaners as a substitute for chlorine

Reverse Osmosis Pool cleaners as a substitute for chlorine

September 19, 2017
Reverse Osmosis system Troubleshooting: Fix 7 Common Problems

Reverse Osmosis system Troubleshooting: Fix 7 Common Problems

December 30, 2024
Water filter guide in USA

Water filter guide in USA

August 5, 2025
Deionized Water Vs. Distilled Water- Everything You Need to Know

Deionized Water Vs. Distilled Water- Everything You Need to Know

January 23, 2023

AMPAC USA 2262 S 1200 W Suite #103 Woods Cross, UT 84087

US Phone: (909) 548-4900

ABOUT US

Welcome to Ampac USA’s sophisticated water purification systems, which are designed to tackle the most challenging water purification, water supply, wastewater treatment, and seawater desalination challenges in the world’s harshest settings.

KNOW MORE ABOUT

  • Home
  • Products
  • Industries
  • Solutions
  • Contact Us
  • Home
  • Products
  • Industries
  • Solutions
  • Contact Us

INFORMATION LINKS

  • About Us
  • Privacy Policy
  • Disclaimer Policy
  • Terms & Conditions
  • Delivery Information
  • Sitemap
  • About Us
  • Privacy Policy
  • Disclaimer Policy
  • Terms & Conditions
  • Delivery Information
  • Sitemap

CUSTOMER SUPPORT

Get updates on special events and receive your first drink on us!

Facebook X-twitter Youtube Linkedin
No Result
View All Result
  • Home
  • Review
  • Apple
  • Applications
  • Computers
  • Gaming
  • Gear
    • Audio
    • Camera
    • Smartphone
  • Microsoft
  • Photography
  • Security

© 2025 JNews - Premium WordPress news & magazine theme by Jegtheme.