{"id":773,"date":"2017-12-20T15:11:33","date_gmt":"2017-12-20T15:11:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/models-for-estimation-of-the-presence-of-non-regulated-disinfection-by-products-in-small-drinking-water-systems\/"},"modified":"2026-07-24T22:27:40","modified_gmt":"2026-07-25T05:27:40","slug":"models-for-estimation-of-the-presence-of-non-regulated-disinfection-by-products-in-small-drinking-water-systems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/models-for-estimation-of-the-presence-of-non-regulated-disinfection-by-products-in-small-drinking-water-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"Models for estimation of the presence of non-regulated disinfection by-products in small drinking water systems"},"content":{"rendered":"

Endocrine<\/a>-Disrupting-Chemicals-Pharmaceutical-and-Personal-Care-Products-During-DrinkingDisinfection<\/a> by-products (DBPs) pop up when chemical disinfectants, like chlorine, mix with natural stuff, bromide, or iodide in source water. Small drinking water systems often face a bigger DBP risk because they don’t have the fancy monitoring and treatment big utilities do.<\/strong> We’ve found over 700 DBPs so far, but the EPA’s Stage 2 rule only covers a few. Luckily, we can use predictive models, looking at things like precursor levels, disinfectant dose, pH, temperature, and contact time. These models help operators guess how many non-regulated DBPs are forming so they can act fast.<\/p>\n

Author Full Names: Guilherme, Stephanie; Rodriguez, Manuel J.
\nSource:ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT, 189 (11):10.1007\/s10661-017-6296-5NOV 2017
\nLanguage:English<\/p>\n

Abstract: Only trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) are regulated in drinking water. Most DBPs, though, aren’t. We don’t know much about these non-regulated DBPs, especially in small water systems (SWS). It’s a tricky situation because SWS are actually more likely to have DBP issues since they can’t always afford the right treatment to get rid of DBP precursors. Plus, DBP tests are expensive, so SWS struggle to really know what’s in their water. This study aimed to estimate non-regulated DBP levels in SWS using simple, everyday measurements. Since there wasn’t much info on non-regulated DBPs in SWS, we ran a sampling program in 25 SWS across two Canadian provinces. We checked out five DBP families: THMs, HAAs, haloacetonitriles (HANs), halonitromethanes (HNMs), and haloketones (HKs). We then built multivariate linear mixed regression models. These models estimate HAN, HK, and HNM levels based on water quality at the treatment plant, regulated DBP concentrations, and leftover disinfectant levels. The models worked well, with R-2 values from 0.77 to 0.91, depending on the compounds and conditions (like season and treatment type). We checked these models with a separate database, and it showed they could likely work for similar SWS in North America.<\/p>\n

The post Models for estimation of the presence of non-regulated disinfection by-products in small drinking water systems appeared first on Facts About Water.<\/p>\n

Source: Water Feed<\/p>\n

Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n

What are non-regulated disinfection by-products (DBPs)?<\/strong>
Non-regulated disinfection by-products (DBPs) are chemical compounds formed when disinfectants like chlorine react with natural organic matter, bromide, or iodide in source water. While over 700 DBPs have been identified, only a fraction, such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), are currently regulated by the EPA Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products Rule. These unregulated compounds pose potential health risks and are challenging to monitor due to their vast number and the expense of analysis.<\/p>\n

Why are small drinking water systems at higher risk for DBPs?<\/strong>
Small drinking water systems (SWS) face heightened DBP risk primarily because they often lack the advanced monitoring and treatment capacity of larger utilities. They typically have limited resources to implement adequate technologies for removing DBP precursors, and the high cost of DBP analyses makes rigorous characterization difficult. This vulnerability means SWS operators need practical solutions to estimate and manage these contaminants proactively.<\/p>\n

How can water operators estimate non-regulated DBP formation?<\/strong>
Water operators can estimate non-regulated DBP formation using predictive models that incorporate easily monitored parameters. These include precursor concentrations, disinfectant dose, pH, temperature, and contact time. The study developed multivariate linear mixed regression models, validated in North America, to estimate levels of haloacetonitriles (HANs), haloketones (HKs), and halonitromethanes (HNMs) from routine water quality characteristics and regulated DBP concentrations.<\/p>\n

Which specific non-regulated DBP families were investigated in the Canadian study?<\/strong>
The study conducted in 25 small drinking water systems in Canada investigated five DBP families: trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), haloacetonitriles (HANs), halonitromethanes (HNMs), and haloketones (HKs). While THMs and HAAs are regulated, the research specifically focused on developing models to estimate the levels of the non-regulated HANs, HNMs, and HKs.<\/p>\n

What is the reliability of predictive models for non-regulated DBPs?<\/strong>
The predictive models developed for estimating non-regulated DBP levels demonstrate good explanatory capacity, with R-2 values ranging from 0.77 to 0.91 depending on the specific compounds and application conditions. Validation with an independent database suggested their ability for generalization in similar small water systems across North America. AMPAC USA leverages such practical insights to design robust water purification systems, ensuring effective DBP precursor removal for diverse applications globally.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Among all the organic disinfection by-products (DBPs), only trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) are regulated in drinking water,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":87972,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,29],"tags":[22],"class_list":["post-773","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-water-filter","category-water-treatment","tag-ro"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/773","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=773"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/773\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/87972"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=773"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=773"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=773"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}