{"id":1440,"date":"2020-11-18T01:35:13","date_gmt":"2020-11-18T01:35:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/unravelling-the-composition-of-tap-and-mineral-water-microbiota-divergences-between-next-generation-sequencing-techniques-and-culture-based-methods\/"},"modified":"2026-04-13T16:13:11","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T16:13:11","slug":"unravelling-the-composition-of-tap-and-mineral-water-microbiota-divergences-between-next-generation-sequencing-techniques-and-culture-based-methods","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/unravelling-the-composition-of-tap-and-mineral-water-microbiota-divergences-between-next-generation-sequencing-techniques-and-culture-based-methods\/","title":{"rendered":"Unravelling the composition of tap and mineral water microbiota: Divergences between next-generation sequencing techniques and culture-based methods"},"content":{"rendered":"<header id=\"heading\" class=\"heading\">\n<div id=\"full-view-heading\" class=\"full-view\">\n<div class=\"inline-authors\">\n<div class=\"authors\">\n<div class=\"authors-list\"><span class=\"authors-list-item \"><a class=\"full-name\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Sala-Comorera+L&amp;cauthor_id=32919261\" data-ga-category=\"search\" data-ga-action=\"author_link\" data-ga-label=\"Laura Sala-Comorera\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Laura Sala-Comorera<\/a><sup class=\"affiliation-links\"><span class=\"author-sup-separator\">\u00a0<\/span><a class=\"affiliation-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32919261\/#affiliation-1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">1<\/a><\/sup><span class=\"comma\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"authors-list-item \"><a class=\"full-name\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Caudet-Segarra+L&amp;cauthor_id=32919261\" data-ga-category=\"search\" data-ga-action=\"author_link\" data-ga-label=\"Laia Caudet-Segarra\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Laia Caudet-Segarra<\/a><sup class=\"affiliation-links\"><span class=\"author-sup-separator\">\u00a0<\/span><a class=\"affiliation-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32919261\/#affiliation-2\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">2<\/a><\/sup><span class=\"comma\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"authors-list-item \"><a class=\"full-name\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Galofr%C3%A9+B&amp;cauthor_id=32919261\" data-ga-category=\"search\" data-ga-action=\"author_link\" data-ga-label=\"Bel\u00e9n Galofr\u00e9\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bel\u00e9n Galofr\u00e9<\/a><sup class=\"affiliation-links\"><span class=\"author-sup-separator\">\u00a0<\/span><a class=\"affiliation-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32919261\/#affiliation-3\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">3<\/a><\/sup><span class=\"comma\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"authors-list-item \"><a class=\"full-name\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Lucena+F&amp;cauthor_id=32919261\" data-ga-category=\"search\" data-ga-action=\"author_link\" data-ga-label=\"Francisco Lucena\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Francisco Lucena<\/a><sup class=\"affiliation-links\"><span class=\"author-sup-separator\">\u00a0<\/span><a class=\"affiliation-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32919261\/#affiliation-1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">1<\/a><\/sup><span class=\"comma\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"authors-list-item \"><a class=\"full-name\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Blanch+AR&amp;cauthor_id=32919261\" data-ga-category=\"search\" data-ga-action=\"author_link\" data-ga-label=\"Anicet R Blanch\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Anicet R Blanch<\/a><sup class=\"affiliation-links\"><span class=\"author-sup-separator\">\u00a0<\/span><a class=\"affiliation-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32919261\/#affiliation-1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">1<\/a><\/sup><span class=\"comma\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"authors-list-item \"><a class=\"full-name\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Garc%C3%ADa-Aljaro+C&amp;cauthor_id=32919261\" data-ga-category=\"search\" data-ga-action=\"author_link\" data-ga-label=\"Cristina Garc\u00eda-Aljaro\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Cristina Garc\u00eda-Aljaro<\/a><sup class=\"affiliation-links\"><span class=\"author-sup-separator\">\u00a0<\/span><a class=\"affiliation-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32919261\/#affiliation-4\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul id=\"full-view-identifiers\" class=\"identifiers\">\n<li><span class=\"identifier pubmed\"><span class=\"id-label\">PMID:\u00a0<\/span><strong class=\"current-id\" title=\"PubMed ID\">32919261<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"identifier doi\"><span class=\"id-label\">DOI:\u00a0<\/span><a class=\"id-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108850\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-ga-category=\"full_text\" data-ga-action=\"DOI\">10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108850<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div id=\"abstract\" class=\"abstract\">\n<h2 class=\"title\">Abstract<\/h2>\n<div id=\"enc-abstract\" class=\"abstract-content selected\">\n<p>The complex and highly diverse microbial environment of drinking water, consisting mainly of bacteria at different metabolic states, is still underexplored. The aim of this work was to characterize the bacterial communities in tap water and bottled mineral water, the two predominant sources of drinking water in modern societies. A total of 11 tap water samples from a range of locations and distribution networks and 10 brands of bottled natural mineral water were analysed using two approaches: a) heterotrophic plate counts by matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time of flight mass-spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for the culturable heterotrophic communities, and b) Illumina amplicon sequencing for total bacteria including non-culturable bacteria. Culturable heterotrophic bacteria were isolated in WPCA (ISO) agar at 22 \u00b1 2 \u00b0C for 72 h and 2046 isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF MS. The Bruker Daltonics Library and a previously customized library (Drinking Water Library) were used as reference databases. For the total bacteria fraction, DNA was extracted from 6 L of water and submitted to Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing of the v4 region. Significant differences were observed between mineral and tap water, with a general dominance of Alphaproteobacteria (mainly the genus Blastomonas) in tap water and Gammaproteobacteria in mineral water with Acidovorax being the dominant genus in 3 out of 7 mineral water brands. The bacterial communities in the different brands of mineral water were highly diverse and characteristic of each one. Moreover, the season in which the water was bottled also affected the species distribution, with some of them identified in only one season. Among the culturable bacteria, the most abundant phylum was Proteobacteria (around 85% of the isolates), followed by Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Proteobacteria was also the most abundant phylum detected with Illumina sequencing (&gt;99% of the reads). The two methods gave distinct results at the different taxonomic levels and could therefore have a complimentary application in the study of microbiota in mineral water environments. MALDI-TOF MS is a promising method for the rapid identification of heterotrophic bacteria in routine water analysis in the bottling industry. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The complementarity of MALDI-TOF MS and NGS in the assessment of bacterial community diversity has been demonstrated in water intended for human consumption. The two methods are suitable for routine use in the water industry for water quality management.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong class=\"sub-title\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/strong>16S rRNA sequencing; Drinking water; MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry; Microbiota; Mineral water; Tap water.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32919261\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32919261\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The post <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32919261\/#new_tab\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Unravelling the composition of tap and mineral water microbiota: Divergences between next-generation sequencing techniques and culture-based methods<\/a> appeared first on <a href=\"https:\/\/thefactsaboutwater.org\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Facts About Water<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Source: Water Feed<\/p>\n<p><!-- Phase 2: FAQ Section --><\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-section\">\n<h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<div>\n<h3>How quickly can an emergency water purification unit be deployed?<\/h3>\n<div>\n<p>AMPAC USA&#039;s EPRO and mobile RO units can be operational within 30\u201360 minutes of arrival on-site. Trailer-mounted and skid-mounted systems are pre-plumbed and pre-wired, requiring only connection to a power source and water source. Units treat river water, lake water, or brackish groundwater.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>What flow rates are available for emergency water treatment?<\/h3>\n<div>\n<p>AMPAC USA&#039;s emergency systems range from 1,500 GPD portable units to 50,000+ GPD trailer-mounted systems. Military-specification units are available for forward operating base deployment, producing potable water meeting EPA and WHO drinking water standards from virtually any source.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Are emergency RO systems suitable for disaster relief operations?<\/h3>\n<div>\n<p>Yes. AMPAC USA&#039;s emergency systems are used by FEMA, the U.S. military, and international NGOs for disaster relief. They treat flood water, contaminated groundwater, and brackish sources, removing bacteria, viruses, and chemical contaminants to produce safe drinking water on-site.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>What power sources can emergency water purification systems use?<\/h3>\n<div>\n<p>AMPAC USA&#039;s emergency systems can run on generator power (120\/240V or 480V 3-phase), solar panels with battery backup, or vehicle power take-off (PTO). Low-power models consume as little as 0.5 kW, making them viable for off-grid deployment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>How durable are military-grade water purification systems?<\/h3>\n<div>\n<p>AMPAC USA&#039;s military systems are built to MIL-SPEC standards with stainless steel frames, powder-coated components, and UV-resistant materials. They are designed to operate in temperatures from -20\u00b0F to 120\u00b0F and are vibration-tested for transport in military vehicles.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- Phase 2: Conclusion Section --><\/p>\n<div class=\"conclusion-section\">\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>This post highlighted how emergency and military-grade water purification systems provide safe drinking water rapidly in the most challenging field conditions. For organizations requiring deployable water treatment capability, AMPAC USA engineers portable and trailer-mounted systems built to perform wherever they are needed. Contact our team at info@ampac1.com or (909) 548-4900 to discuss your emergency water treatment requirements.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The complex and highly diverse microbial environment of drinking water, consisting mainly of bacteria at different metabolic states, is still underexplored.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":87932,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[22],"class_list":["post-1440","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-water-filter","tag-ro"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1440","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1440"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1440\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":88317,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1440\/revisions\/88317"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/87932"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1440"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1440"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1440"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}