{"id":1150,"date":"2019-05-27T23:43:53","date_gmt":"2019-05-27T23:43:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/perfluoroalkyl-acids-in-drinking-water-of-china-in-2017-distribution-characteristics-influencing-factors-and-potential-risks\/"},"modified":"2026-04-13T16:12:27","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T16:12:27","slug":"perfluoroalkyl-acids-in-drinking-water-of-china-in-2017-distribution-characteristics-influencing-factors-and-potential-risks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/perfluoroalkyl-acids-in-drinking-water-of-china-in-2017-distribution-characteristics-influencing-factors-and-potential-risks\/","title":{"rendered":"in 2017: Distribution characteristics, influencing factors and potential risks"},"content":{"rendered":"
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By:<\/span>Li, YN (Li, Yuna)[\u00a01<\/a>\u00a0]\u00a0<\/b><\/sup>; Li, JF (Li, Jiafu)[\u00a02<\/a>\u00a0]\u00a0<\/b><\/sup>; Zhang, LF (Zhang, Lifen)[\u00a01<\/a>\u00a0]\u00a0<\/b><\/sup>; Huang, ZP (Huang, Zhiping)[\u00a01<\/a>\u00a0]\u00a0<\/b><\/sup>; Liu, YQ (Liu, Yunqing)[\u00a03<\/a>\u00a0]\u00a0<\/b><\/sup>; Wu, N (Wu, Nan)[\u00a03<\/a>\u00a0]\u00a0<\/b><\/sup>; He, JH (He, Jiahui)[\u00a02<\/a>\u00a0]\u00a0<\/b><\/sup>; Zhang, ZZ (Zhang, Zhaozhao)[\u00a02<\/a>\u00a0]\u00a0<\/b><\/sup>; Zhang, Y (Zhang, Ying)[\u00a01<\/a>\u00a0]\u00a0<\/b><\/sup>; Niu, ZG (Niu, Zhiguang)[\u00a02<\/a>,3<\/a>\u00a0]<\/b><\/sup><\/p>\n

View ResearcherID and ORCID<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL<\/p>\n

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Volume:<\/span>\u00a0123<\/p>\n

Pages:<\/span>\u00a087-95<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

DOI:<\/span>\u00a010.1016\/j.envint.2018.11.036<\/p>\n

Published:<\/span>\u00a0FEB 2019<\/p>\n

Document Type:<\/span>Article<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Abstract<\/div>\n

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are a group of emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which have been ubiquitously detected in the environmental media. However, national scale investigations on their occurrence and distribution in drinking water are still insufficient. In this study, we detected the 17 priority PFAAs in drinking water from 79 cities of 31 provincial-level administrative regions throughout China, and investigated their occurrence and distribution. Additionally, we also analyzed the influencing factors on their profiles, such as the existence of industrial sources, socioeconomic factors (population density and GDP), and assessed levels of risk associated with contaminated drinking water. On the national scale, the sum concentrations of the 17 PFAAs (Sigma(17)PFAAs) in drinking water was in a range of 4.49-174.93 ng\/L with a mean value of 35.13 ng\/L. Among the 17 individual PFAAs, perfluorobutanoic acids (PFBA) was the most abundant individual PFAAs with the median concentration of 17.87 ng\/L, followed by perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, 0.74 ng\/L), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA, 0.40 ng\/L) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS, 0.25 ng\/L). The geographic distribution characteristic of Sigma(17)PFAAs in drinking water was in a descending order of Southwestern China (57.67 ng\/L) > Eastern coastal China (32.85 ng\/L) > Middle China (29.89 ng\/L) > Northwestern China (28.49 ng\/L) > Northeastern China (22.03 ng\/L), and in general, the existence of the industrial sources could positively affect the contamination levels of PFAAs in drinking water. The pollution level of PFAAs in drinking water also varied among the three different city levels (medium-sized city > big city > town). In towns, the positive correlations were observed between the population density and the Sigma(17)PFAAs (R-2 = 0.45, p < 0.01), and the individual concentration of PFHxA, PFBS, and PFOA (p < 0.01). Moreover, besides PFAAs in Yunnan, Jiangsu, and Jiangxi, concentrations of related PFAAs in drinking water from 28 provinces were less than the suggested drinking water advisories. The relatively higher concentrations of PFAAs in Yunnan, Jiangsu, and Jiangxi suggest that further studies focusing on their sources and potential health risk to humans are needed.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/cel.webofknowledge.com\/InboundService.do?customersID=Alerting&smartRedirect=yes&mode=FullRecord&IsProductCode=Yes&product=CEL&Init=Yes&Func=Frame&action=retrieve&SrcApp=Alerting&SrcAuth=Alerting&SID=7ELP6KJyDpFgIFX47Jx&UT=WOS%3A000455532500011<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

The post Perfluoroalkyl acids in drinking water of China in 2017: Distribution characteristics, influencing factors and potential risks<\/a> appeared first on Facts About Water<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Source: Water Feed<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n
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How quickly can an emergency water purification unit be deployed?<\/h3>\n
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AMPAC USA's EPRO and mobile RO units can be operational within 30\u201360 minutes of arrival on-site. Trailer-mounted and skid-mounted systems are pre-plumbed and pre-wired, requiring only connection to a power source and water source. Units treat river water, lake water, or brackish groundwater.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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What flow rates are available for emergency water treatment?<\/h3>\n
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AMPAC USA's emergency systems range from 1,500 GPD portable units to 50,000+ GPD trailer-mounted systems. Military-specification units are available for forward operating base deployment, producing potable water meeting EPA and WHO drinking water standards from virtually any source.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Are emergency RO systems suitable for disaster relief operations?<\/h3>\n
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Yes. AMPAC USA's emergency systems are used by FEMA, the U.S. military, and international NGOs for disaster relief. They treat flood water, contaminated groundwater, and brackish sources, removing bacteria, viruses, and chemical contaminants to produce safe drinking water on-site.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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What power sources can emergency water purification systems use?<\/h3>\n
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AMPAC USA's emergency systems can run on generator power (120\/240V or 480V 3-phase), solar panels with battery backup, or vehicle power take-off (PTO). Low-power models consume as little as 0.5 kW, making them viable for off-grid deployment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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How durable are military-grade water purification systems?<\/h3>\n
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AMPAC USA's military systems are built to MIL-SPEC standards with stainless steel frames, powder-coated components, and UV-resistant materials. They are designed to operate in temperatures from -20\u00b0F to 120\u00b0F and are vibration-tested for transport in military vehicles.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

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Conclusion<\/h2>\n

This post highlighted how emergency and military-grade water purification systems provide safe drinking water rapidly in the most challenging field conditions. For organizations requiring deployable water treatment capability, AMPAC USA engineers portable and trailer-mounted systems built to perform wherever they are needed. Contact our team at info@ampac1.com or (909) 548-4900 to discuss your emergency water treatment requirements.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are a group of emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which have been ubiquitously detected in the environmental media<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":87988,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[22],"class_list":["post-1150","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-water-filter","tag-ro"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1150","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1150"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1150\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":88240,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1150\/revisions\/88240"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/87988"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1150"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1150"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1150"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}