{"id":1150,"date":"2019-05-27T23:43:53","date_gmt":"2019-05-27T23:43:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/perfluoroalkyl-acids-in-drinking-water-of-china-in-2017-distribution-characteristics-influencing-factors-and-potential-risks\/"},"modified":"2026-09-02T11:42:45","modified_gmt":"2026-09-02T18:42:45","slug":"perfluoroalkyl-acids-in-drinking-water-of-china-in-2017-distribution-characteristics-influencing-factors-and-potential-risks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/perfluoroalkyl-acids-in-drinking-water-of-china-in-2017-distribution-characteristics-influencing-factors-and-potential-risks\/","title":{"rendered":"in 2017: Distribution characteristics, influencing factors and potential risks"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"block-record-info\">\n<p class=\"FR_field\"><span class=\"FR_labelBy:<\/span>Li, YN (Li, Yuna)<sup><b>[\u00a0<1\u00a0]\u00a0<\/b><\/sup>; Li, JF (Li, Jiafu)<sup><b>[\u00a0<2\u00a0]\u00a0<\/b><\/sup>; Zhang, LF (Zhang, Lifen)<sup><b>[\u00a0<1\u00a0]\u00a0<\/b><\/sup>; Huang, ZP (Huang, Zhiping)<sup><b>[\u00a0<1\u00a0]\u00a0<\/b><\/sup>; Liu, YQ (Liu, Yunqing)<sup><b>[\u00a0<3\u00a0]\u00a0<\/b><\/sup>; Wu, N (Wu, Nan)<sup><b>[\u00a0<3\u00a0]\u00a0<\/b><\/sup>; He, JH (He, Jiahui)<sup><b>[\u00a0<2\u00a0]\u00a0<\/b><\/sup>; Zhang, ZZ (Zhang, Zhaozhao)<sup><b>[\u00a0<2\u00a0]\u00a0<\/b><\/sup>; Zhang, Y (Zhang, Ying)<sup><b>[\u00a0<1\u00a0]\u00a0<\/b><\/sup>; Niu, ZG (Niu, Zhiguang)<sup><b>[\u00a0<2,<3\u00a0]<\/b><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"show_resc_blurb_link\" class=\"FR_label\"><a class=\"snowplow-view-ResearcherID-and-ORCID\" title=\"View author identifiers such as ResearcherID or ORCID.View ResearcherID and ORCID<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"block-record-info block-record-info-source\">\n<p class=\"sourceTitleENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL<\/p>\n<div class=\"block-record-info-source-values\">\n<p class=\"FR_field\"><span class=\"FR_labelVolume:<\/span>\u00a0123<\/p>\n<p class=\"FR_field\"><span class=\"FR_labelPages:<\/span>\u00a087-95<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"FR_field\"><span class=\"FR_labelDOI:<\/span>\u00a010.1016\/j.envint.2018.11.036<\/p>\n<p class=\"FR_field\"><span class=\"FR_labelPublished:<\/span>\u00a0FEB 2019<\/p>\n<p class=\"FR_field\"><span class=\"FR_labelDocument Type:<\/span>Article<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"block-record-info\">\n<div class=\"Abstract<\/div>\n<p class=\"FR_fieldPerfluoroalkyl acids, or PFAAs, are persistent organic pollutants, always showing up in our environment. But we haven't done enough national studies on where they show up in drinking water. So, we looked for 17 key PFAAs in drinking water from 79 cities across 31 regions in China. We wanted to see where they were and how they spread. We also checked what might affect their presence, things like nearby industries, population density, and GDP. Plus, we assessed the risks these contaminated water sources posed.<\/p>\n<p class=\"FR_fieldAcross China, the total PFAAs (all 17 combined) in drinking water ranged from 4.49 to 174.93 ng\/L, with an average of 35.13 ng\/L. Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) was the most common, averaging 17.87 ng\/L. Then came perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) at 0.74 ng\/L, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) at 0.40 ng\/L, and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) at 0.25 ng\/L. Geographically, the highest PFAAs were in Southwestern China (57.67 ng\/L), then Eastern coastal China (32.85 ng\/L), Middle China (29.89 ng\/L), Northwestern China (28.49 ng\/L), and finally Northeastern China (22.03 ng\/L). Industrial areas generally had higher PFAA levels in their drinking water.<\/p>\n<p class=\"FR_fieldWe also saw different pollution levels based on city size: medium-sized cities had the most, followed by big cities, then towns. In towns, we found a clear link between population density and total PFAAs (R-2 = 0.45, p &lt; 0.01), as well as individual levels of PFHxA, PFBS, and PFOA (p &lt; 0.01). Good news, though: PFAA concentrations in drinking water from 28 provinces were below recommended advisories, except for Yunnan, Jiangsu, and Jiangxi. Those areas need more study to find the sources and figure out the potential health risks to people.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/cel.webofknowledge.com\/InboundService.do?customersID=Alerting&amp;smartRedirect=yes&amp;mode=FullRecord&amp;IsProductCode=Yes&amp;product=CEL&amp;Init=Yes&amp;Func=Frame&amp;action=retrieve&amp;SrcApp=Alerting&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting&amp;SID=7ELP6KJyDpFgIFX47Jx&amp;UT=WOS%3A000455532500011\" target=\"_blank\" &quot;noopener \/a rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The post <a href=\"https:\/\/thefactsaboutwater.org\/perfluoroalkyl-acids-in-drinking-water-of-china-in-2017-distribution-characteristics-influencing-factors-and-potential-risks\/\" &quot;Perfluoroalkyl acids in drinking water of China 2017: Distribution influencing factors and potential \/a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"> appeared first on <a href=\"https:\/\/thefactsaboutwater.org\" &quot;Facts About \/a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">.<\/p>\n<p>Source: Water Feed<\/p>\n<h2>Related Articles<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/risk-governance-of-potential-emerging-risks-to-drinking-water-quality-analysing-current-practices\/\">Risk governance of potential emerging risks to drinking water quality: Analysing current practices<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/factors-related-to-water-filter-use-for-drinking-tap-water-at-home-and-its-association-with-consuming-plain-water-and-sugar-sweetened-beverages-among-u-s-adults\/\">Factors Related to Water Filter Use for Drinking Tap Water at Home and Its Association With Consuming Plain Water and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Among U.S. Adults<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/efficacy-of-flushing-and-chlorination-in-removing-microorganisms-from-a-pilot-drinking-water-distribution-system\/\">Efficacy of Flushing and Chlorination in Removing Microorganisms from a Pilot Drinking Water Distribution System<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/legionella-growth-potential-of-drinking-water-produced-by-a-reverse-osmosis-pilot-plant\/\">Legionella growth potential of drinking water produced by a reverse osmosis pilot plant<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What are PFAAs and why are they a concern in drinking water?<\/h3>\n<p>Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are a group of emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) ubiquitously detected in environmental media. They are concerning due to their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and widespread presence in drinking water, posing potential risks to human health. This study investigated 17 priority PFAAs, highlighting their prevalence and distribution across China.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What were the average PFAA levels found in Chinese drinking water according to the study?<\/h3>\n<p>A national study across 79 cities in China found the sum concentrations of 17 PFAAs (Sigma(17)PFAAs) in drinking water ranged from 4.49 to 174.93 ng\/L, with a mean value of 35.13 ng\/L. Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) was the most abundant individual PFAA, with a median concentration of 17.87 ng\/L, followed by PFOA, PFNA, and PFOS.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Which regions in China showed the highest PFAA contamination in drinking water?<\/h3>\n<p>The study revealed that Southwestern China had the highest average PFAA contamination, with 57.67 ng\/L. This was followed by Eastern coastal China (32.85 ng\/L), Middle China (29.89 ng\/L), Northwestern China (28.49 ng\/L), and Northeastern China (22.03 ng\/L), indicating significant regional variations in PFAA distribution.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What factors contribute to PFAA contamination in drinking water?<\/h3>\n<p>The study identified industrial sources as a positive contributor to PFAA contamination levels in drinking water. Socioeconomic factors like population density and GDP also played a role, with positive correlations observed in towns. Additionally, pollution levels varied by city size, with medium-sized cities generally showing higher PFAA concentrations than big cities or towns.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How can PFAAs be effectively removed from contaminated drinking water?<\/h3>\n<p>While not explicitly detailed in this study, AMPAC USA&#8217;s expertise confirms that advanced water purification technologies are highly effective for PFAA removal. Reverse osmosis (RO) systems, like those designed by AMPAC USA for commercial and industrial applications, are proven to significantly reduce PFAA concentrations. Granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration can also be effective, often used in conjunction with RO for comprehensive treatment.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are a group of emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which have been ubiquitously detected in the environmental media<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":87988,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,29],"tags":[22],"class_list":["post-1150","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-water-filter","category-water-treatment","tag-ro"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1150","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1150"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1150\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/87988"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1150"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1150"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ampac1.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1150"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}